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Solar energy storage / edited by Bent Sorenson.

Contributor(s): Sørensen, Bent, 1941- [editor.].
Material type: materialTypeLabelBookPublisher: London : Academic Press, [2015]Copyright date: ©2015Description: xv, 383 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm.Content type: text Media type: unmediated Carrier type: volumeISBN: 9780124095403 (paperback).Subject(s): Solar energy | Energy storageDDC classification: 621.47
Contents:
Introduction and overview -- Solar electrical energy storage -- innovative systems for storage of thermal soalr energy in buildings -- Assessment of electricity storage systems --Storage of solar thermal energy in dependency of geographical and climatic boundary conditions -- Sorption heat storage -- Energetic complementarity with hydropower and the possibility of storage in batteries and water reservoirs -- Revitalization of hydro energy: a new approach for storing solar energy -- Economic assessment of solar storage -- Economics of solar PV systems with storage, in main grid and mini-grid settings -- Environmental issues associated with solar electric and thermal systems with storage -- Consumer perceptions and acceptance of PV systems with energy storage -- Photovoltaic-energy stroage systems for remoore small islands -- Solar thermal energy storage for solar cookers -- Isolated and mini-grid solar PV systems: an alternative solution for providing electricity access in remote areas (case study from Nepal).

Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

While solar is the fastest-growing energy source in the world, key concerns around solar power's inherent variability threaten to de-rail that scale-up . Currently, integration of intermittent solar resources into the grid creates added complication to load management, leading some utilities to reject it altogether, while other operators may penalize the producers via rate increases or force solar developers to include storage devices on-site to smooth out power delivery at the point of production. However these efforts at mitigation unfold, it is increasingly clear to parties on all sides that energy storage will be pivotally important in the drive to boost the integration of variable renewable sources into power infrastructures across the globe. Thoughtfully implemented storage technologies can reduce peak demand, improve day-to-day reliability, provide emergency power in case of interrupted generation, reduce consumer and utility costs by easing load balance challenges, decrease emissions, and increase the amount of distributed and renewable energy that makes it into the grid. While energy storage has long been an area of concern for scientists and engineers, there has been no comprehensive single text covering the storage methods available to solar power producers, which leaves a lamentable gap in the literature core to this important field. Solar Energy Storage aims to become the authoritative work on the topic, incorporating contributions from an internationally recognized group of top authors from both industry and academia, focused on providing information from underlying scientific fundamentals to practical applications, and emphasizing the latest technological developments driving this discipline forward.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Introduction and overview -- Solar electrical energy storage -- innovative systems for storage of thermal soalr energy in buildings -- Assessment of electricity storage systems --Storage of solar thermal energy in dependency of geographical and climatic boundary conditions -- Sorption heat storage -- Energetic complementarity with hydropower and the possibility of storage in batteries and water reservoirs -- Revitalization of hydro energy: a new approach for storing solar energy -- Economic assessment of solar storage -- Economics of solar PV systems with storage, in main grid and mini-grid settings -- Environmental issues associated with solar electric and thermal systems with storage -- Consumer perceptions and acceptance of PV systems with energy storage -- Photovoltaic-energy stroage systems for remoore small islands -- Solar thermal energy storage for solar cookers -- Isolated and mini-grid solar PV systems: an alternative solution for providing electricity access in remote areas (case study from Nepal).

CIT Module INTR 7008 - Core reading.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

  • Contributors (p. xiii)
  • Preface (p. xv)
  • 1 Introduction and Overview (p. 1)
  • References (p. 4)
  • Part 1 Solar Energy Storage Options
  • 2 Solar Electrical Energy Storage (p. 7)
  • 2.1 Background (p. 7)
  • 2.2 Technical Requirements of a Solar Electrical Energy Storage Facility (p. 8)
  • 2.3 Options for Solar Electrical Energy Storage Technologies (p. 10)
  • 2.4 Utility-Scale Storage Technologies (p. 12)
  • 2.4.1 Pumped-Hydro Storage (p. 12)
  • 2.4.2 Compressed Air Energy Storage (p. 13)
  • 2.4.3 Thermal Energy Storage (p. 14)
  • 2.4.4 Flow Battery (p. 16)
  • 2.4.5 Solar Fuels (p. 17)
  • 2.5 Distributed Scale Storage Technologies Rechargeable Batteries (p. 18)
  • 2.5.1 Lead-Acid Battery (p. 18)
  • 2.5.2 Lithium-Ion Battery (Li-Ion) (p. 19)
  • 2.5.3 Nickel-Based Battery (p. 19)
  • 2.5.4 Sodium-Sulfur Battery (p. 19)
  • 2.5.5 Other Battery Technologies (p. 20)
  • 2.6 Economics of Solar Electrical Energy Storage Technologies (p. 20)
  • 2.7 Final Remarks (p. 22)
  • References (p. 22)
  • 3 Innovative Systems for Storage of Thermal Solar Energy in Buildings (p. 27)
  • 3.1 Introduction (p. 29)
  • 3.2 Major Technologies for Heat Storage in Buildings (p. 31)
  • 3.2.1 Sensible Storage (p. 31)
  • 3.2.2 Latent Heat Storage (p. 32)
  • 3.2.3 Sorption Heat Storage Systems (p. 35)
  • 3.3 Focus on a Solar Heat Absorption Storage System (p. 37)
  • 3.3.1 Basic Cycle Description (p. 37)
  • 3.3.2 Process Modeling and Simulations (p. 38)
  • 3.3.3 Process Experimentations (p. 45)
  • 3.4 Conclusion (p. 58)
  • References (p. 60)
  • 4 Assessment of Electricity Storage Systems (p. 63)
  • 4.1 Introduction (p. 64)
  • 4.2 Why ESS (p. 64)
  • 4.3 The Potential for ESSs (p. 66)
  • 4.4 Requirements of ESS for Saudi Arabia (p. 67)
  • 4.4.1 Climate of Saudi Arabia (p. 69)
  • 4.4.2 Supply-Demand Situation of Power in Saudi Arabia (p. 70)
  • 4.4.3 Local Raw Materials for ESS (p. 72)
  • 4.4.4 Global and Local PV/Wind Power Installed Capacities (p. 73)
  • 4.5 Description of Major ESS (p. 77)
  • 4.5.1 Chemical/Electrochemical Systems (p. 78)
  • 4.5.2 Electrical Systems (p. 78)
  • 4.5.3 Mechanical Systems (p. 79)
  • 4.5.4 Thermal Systems (p. 79)
  • 4.5.5 Salient Features of Selected ESS for Renewables (p. 79)
  • 4.6 Assessment of ESS Technologies (p. 101)
  • 4.7 Economic Evaluation of Selected ESS (p. 105)
  • 4.8 Conclusions and Recommendations (p. 109)
  • Acknowledgments (p. 111)
  • References (p. 111)
  • 5 Storage of Solar Thermal Energy in Dependency of Geographical and Climatic Boundary Conditions (p. 115)
  • 5.1 Introduction (p. 115)
  • 5.2 Influencing Boundary Conditions (p. 116)
  • 5.2.1 European Climate (p. 116)
  • 5.2.2 European Building Stock (p. 119)
  • 5.3 Classification of Solar Thermal Systems with TES (p. 121)
  • 5.4 Case Study to Evaluate the Influence of the Diversity of Boundary Conditions (p. 123)
  • 5.4.1 Results of the Case Study for the System for Only DHW Preparation (p. 126)
  • 5.4.2 Results of the Case Study for Solar Combi-Systems (p. 128)
  • 5.4.3 Results of the Case Study for the SDH System with Seasonal TES (p. 130)
  • 5.5 Conclusions (p. 131)
  • References (p. 132)
  • 6 Sorption Heat Storage (p. 135)
  • 6.1 Characteristics of Different Types of Heat Storage (p. 135)
  • 6.1.1 Introduction (p. 135)
  • 6.1.2 Introduction of Sorption Heat Storage (p. 136)
  • 6.1.3 Comparison of Different Types of Heat Storage (p. 137)
  • 6.2 Principles of Sorption Heat Storage (p. 138)
  • 6.3 Sorption Heat Storage Materials (p. 141)
  • 6.3.1 Introduction (p. 141)
  • 6.3.2 Physisorption Materials Zeolites, Silicagel (p. 141)
  • 6.3.3 Sorption in Liquids (p. 143)
  • 6.3.4 Weak Chemisorption Hydrates (p. 144)
  • 6.3.5 Strong Chemisorption Hydroxides (p. 145)
  • 6.4 Sorption Heat Storage System Designs (p. 145)
  • 6.4.1 Introduction (p. 145)
  • 6.4.2 Principles of Sorption Systems (p. 145)
  • 6.5 Overall System Aspects (p. 151)
  • 6.6 Conclusions (p. 153)
  • References (p. 153)
  • 7 Energetic Complementarity with Hydropower and the Possibility of Storage in Batteries and Water Reservoirs (p. 155)
  • 7.1 Introduction (p. 156)
  • 7.2 Energetic Complementarity (p. 157)
  • 7.3 Evaluation of Complementarity in Time (p. 159)
  • 7.4 Complementarity Between Solar Energy and Hydropower (p. 162)
  • 7.5 Hydro-PV Hybrid Systems Based on Complementary Energy Resources (p. 165)
  • 7.6 A Method of Analysis (p. 168)
  • 7.7 Effects of Complementarity in Time (p. 173)
  • 7.7.1 Effects of Different Degrees of Complementarity in Time (p. 173)
  • 7.7.2 Effects of Different Degrees of Energy-Complementarity (p. 176)
  • 7.7.3 Effects of Different Degrees of Amplitude-Complementarity (p. 178)
  • 7.8 Some Real Hybrid Systems with Partial Complementarity (p. 183)
  • 7.9 Effects of Energy Storage (p. 186)
  • Acknowledgments (p. 187)
  • References (p. 187)
  • 8 Revitalization of Hydro Energy: A New Approach for storing Solar Energy (p. 189)
  • 8.1 Introduction (p. 189)
  • 8.2 An Innovative Solution: Integration of a Solar-Hydro System (p. 191)
  • 8.3 Ceosynthetics as a Prerequisite for Hydro Energy Storage (p. 193)
  • 8.3.1 Application of Geomembranes in Water/Energy Storage of PSH Technology (p. 193)
  • 8.3.2 Reservoir Volume (p. 198)
  • 8.3.3 Hydro Energy Storage (p. 198)
  • 8.4 Concept Integration of the SE-PSH System (p. 198)
  • 8.5 Optimization Model of SE-PSH System (p. 199)
  • 8.5.1 Water Balance (p. 199)
  • 8.5.2 Water Storage of PSH as Energy Storage of SE Generator (p. 200)
  • 8.5.3 Model Formulation (p. 200)
  • 8.6 Impact Geosynthetics and Dynamic Charging and Discharging of PSH System (p. 203)
  • 8.6.1 Ratio P, V 0 , and Surface of Geosynthetics (p. 203)
  • 8.6.2 The Dynamics of Charging and Discharging the PSH System (p. 204)
  • 8.7 Conclusion (p. 205)
  • References (p. 205)
  • Part II Economic Assessment of Solar Storage
  • 9 Photovoltaics and Storage Plants: Efficient Capacities in a System View (p. 209)
  • 9.1 Energy Outlook (p. 209)
  • 9.2 Storage Plants in a System View (p. 211)
  • 9.3 Reference Case (p. 214)
  • 9.3.1 Scenario Assumptions and Parameters (p. 214)
  • 9.3.2 Results (p. 215)
  • 9.4 Sensitivities (p. 217)
  • 9.4.1 Investment Cost (p. 217)
  • 9.4.2 Political Objectives (p. 219)
  • 9.5 Conclusion (p. 222)
  • References (p. 223)
  • 10 Economics of Solar PV Systems with Storage, in Main Grid and Mini-Grid Settings (p. 225)
  • 10.1 Introduction (p. 225)
  • 10.2 Electricity Industry Economics (p. 228)
  • 10.2.1 Electricity Industry (p. 228)
  • 10.2.2 PV Economics (p. 229)
  • 10.2.3 Energy Storage Within the Electricity Industry (p. 230)
  • 10.3 PV and Storage Applications (p. 232)
  • 10.3.1 Household Systems (p. 233)
  • 10.3.2 Commercial and Industry PV (p. 234)
  • 10.3.3 Distribution Network-Driven PV (p. 235)
  • 10.3.4 Utility PV and Storage Systems (p. 236)
  • 10.3.5 Mini-Grids (p. 237)
  • 10.4 Possible Future Developments (p. 238)
  • 10.4.1 Evolutionary Opportunities (p. 238)
  • 10.4.2 Grid Defection (p. 240)
  • 10.4.3 What happens next? (p. 241)
  • Acknowledgments (p. 242)
  • References (p. 242)
  • Part III Environmental and Social Impacts
  • 11 Environmental Issues Associated with Solar Electric and Thermal Systems with Storage (p. 247)
  • 11.1 Introduction (p. 247)
  • 11.2 Solar Cells (p. 248)
  • 11.3 Solar Electricity Systems (p. 249)
  • 11.4 Solar Electric Storage (p. 257)
  • 11.5 Solar Heat Systems (p. 264)
  • 11.6 Solar Heat Storage (p. 266)
  • 11.7 Combined Systems (p. 268)
  • 11.8 Conclusion (p. 268)
  • References (p. 269)
  • 12 Consumer Perceptions and Acceptance of PV Systems with Energy Storage (p. 273)
  • 12.1 Background (p. 273)
  • 12.2 Japanese Energy Policy, Including FiT (p. 275)
  • 12.3 ESS in Japan (p. 278)
  • 12.4 Consumer Perception Survey: Renewables and ESS in Japan (p. 281)
  • 12.4.1 Background (p. 281)
  • 12.4.2 Objective and Design of the Survey (p. 281)
  • 12.4.3 Awareness of Storage Battery Systems (p. 282)
  • 12.4.4 Installations of Electricity Storage Systems (p. 284)
  • 12.4.5 The Relationship Between Electricity Storage Systems and PVs (p. 284)
  • 12.4.6 Who Owns/Will Own ESS? (p. 285)
  • 12.5 Conclusion (p. 285)
  • References (p. 287)
  • Part IV Case Studies
  • 13 Photovoltaic-Energy Storage Systems for Remote Small Islands (p. 291)
  • 13.1 Introduction (p. 295)
  • 13.2 The Need for Energy Storage in Remote Islands (p. 296)
  • 13.3 Operation Modes of a Typical ESS (p. 298)
  • 13.4 Available Energy Storage Techniques (p. 300)
  • 13.4.1 Pumped-Hydro Storage (p. 303)
  • 13.5 ESS Sizing (p. 305)
  • 13.5.1 Main Components of the PV-ESS (p. 305)
  • 13.5.2 Dimensions and Characteristics of a PV-ESS (p. 307)
  • 13.6 Energy Storage Costs (p. 310)
  • 13.6.1 PV-ESS Cost Analysis (p. 312)
  • 13.7 Representative Case Study (p. 315)
  • 13.7.1 Area of Interest (p. 316)
  • 13.7.2 PV-PHS System Components and Operational Modes (p. 317)
  • 13.7.3 Case-Study Results (p. 319)
  • 13.8 Conclusions (p. 324)
  • References (p. 324)
  • 14 Solar Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Cookers (p. 327)
  • 14.1 Introduction (p. 327)
  • 14.2 Solar Cooking Systems (p. 328)
  • 14.2.1 Direct-Focusing Solar Cookers (p. 328)
  • 14.2.2 Oven Solar Cookers (p. 331)
  • 14.2.3 Indirect Solar Cookers (p. 332)
  • 14.3 Solar Cookers Using Sensible Heat Thermal Energy Storage (SHTES) (p. 334)
  • 14.3.1 Direct-Focusing Solar Cookers Using HCTES (p. 334)
  • 14.3.2 Oven Solar Cookers Using SHTES (p. 337)
  • 14.3.3 Indirect Solar Cookers Using SHTES (p. 339)
  • 14.4 Solar Cookers Using LHTES (p. 344)
  • 14.4.1 Direct-Focusing Solar Cookers Using LHTES (p. 344)
  • 14.4.2 Oven Solar Cookers Using LHTES (p. 346)
  • 14.4.3 Indirect Solar Cookers Using LHTES (p. 348)
  • 14.5 Characterization of Solar Cookers with TES (p. 351)
  • 14.5.1 Existing Solar Cooking Standards (p. 351)
  • 14.5.2 New Solar Cooking Figures of Merit for Solar Cookers with TES (p. 354)
  • 14.6 Conclusion (p. 355)
  • References (p. 356)
  • 15 Isolated and Mini-Grid Solar PV Systems: An Alternative Solution for Providing Electricity Access in Remote Areas (Case Study from Nepal) (p. 359)
  • 15.1 Introduction (p. 359)
  • 15.2 Site Description (p. 361)
  • 15.3 Existing Energy Consumption Patterns and Potential Electricity Demand (p. 362)
  • 15.4 Methods and Data Source (p. 363)
  • 15.5 Technology Selection and Component Sizing (p. 364)
  • 15.6 Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) (p. 365)
  • 15.6.1 Solar PV System (p. 365)
  • 15.6.2 Comparison with Diesel Generator Supply Option (p. 368)
  • 15.6.3 Comparison with Grid Line Supply Option (p. 369)
  • 15.7 Business Model for Mini-Grid Solar PV System (p. 370)
  • 15.8 Operational and Management Model for the Solar Mini-Grid System (p. 372)
  • 15.9 Conclusion (p. 372)
  • Reference (p. 373)
  • Index (p. 375)

Author notes provided by Syndetics

Bent Srensen is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Environmental, Social, and Spatial Change, and a professor of physics at the Institute of Mathematics and Physics, both at Roskilde Unibversity, Denmark. He is also an independent consultant at Novator Advanced Technology Consulting Dr. Srensen is one of the world's leading specialists in renewable energy. He has five decades of experience in researching the field, and has published hundreds of monographs, articles in scientific journals, technical reports, and conference contributions. He has received several awards and has been knighted by Her Majesty Queen Margrethe of Denmark.