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Membrane technology and applications [electronic book] / Richard W. Baker.

By: Baker, Richard W. (Richard William), 1941- [author].
Material type: materialTypeLabelBookPublisher: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2024Copyright date: ©2024Edition: Fourth edition.Description: online resource (xiv, 539 pages) : illustrations (some color).Content type: text Media type: computer Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9781119685982; ,9781119685999 (eBook).Subject(s): Membranes (Technology) | Membrane separationDDC classification: 660.28424 Online resources: Access eBook

Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

Membrane Technology and Applications

Internationally acknowledged text on separation membrane technology, presenting current theory and practice, plus manufacturing and applications

The 4th Edition of Membrane Technology and Applications presents an authoritative, up-to-date overview of separation membranes, their theoretical underpinnings, manufacture, and use, beginning with a series of general chapters on membrane preparation, transport theory, and concentration polarization, then surveying the major areas of membrane application in separate chapters.

Written in a readily accessible style, each chapter offers a thorough treatment of its subject, from historical and theoretical backgrounds through to current and potential applications. Topics include reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, gas separation, pervaporation, electrodialysis, coupled and facilitated transport, and medical applications of membranes.

This new edition has been comprehensively updated, with substantial new material, figures, and references throughout to reflect the latest developments in the field. Major changes include:

A new chapter on transport mechanisms in finely microporous membranes, with focus on gas transport A new chapter on membrane contactors A substantially expanded section on hyperfiltration applications, including pharmaceutical applications, in the reverse osmosis chapter Expanded treatment of membrane bioreactors, plus a new section on biotechnology applications, in the ultrafiltration chapter A new section in the gas separation chapter devoted to carbon dioxide capture from industrial process emissions, including power plant emissions Research areas that the author would work on if he were, once again, a 21-year-old graduate student.

Written by a leading expert with 50 years of experience, Membrane Technology and Applications provides balanced coverage of all aspects of the field, and is essential reading for all membrane enthusiasts, from neophyte graduate student to academic researcher to seasoned industry professional.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ProQuest LibCentral. Electronic reproduction.: Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

  • Preface (xi)
  • Acknowledgments (xiii)
  • 1 Overview of Membrane Science and Technology (1)
  • 1.1 Introduction (2)
  • 1.2 Historical Development of Membranes (2)
  • 1.3 Membrane Transport Theory (4)
  • 1.4 Types of Membranes (6)
  • 1.4.1 Isotropic Membranes (8)
  • 1.4.2 Anisotropic Membranes (8)
  • 1.4.3 Membranes with Special Features (9)
  • 1.5 Membrane Processes (9)
  • 1.5.1 Reverse Osmosis, Ultrafiltration, Microfiltration (10)
  • 1.5.2 Electrodialysis (11)
  • 1.5.3 Gas Separation (12)
  • 1.5.4 Pervaporation (13)
  • 1.5.5 Hyperfiltration (14)
  • 1.5.6 Membrane Contactors (14)
  • 1.5.7 Carrier Transport (15)
  • 1.5.8 Medical Applications (16)
  • References (17)
  • 2 Membrane Transport Theory - Solution-Diffusion (18)
  • 2.1 Introduction (18)
  • 2.2 The Solution-Diffusion Model (21)
  • 2.2.1 Molecular Dynamics Simulations (21)
  • 2.2.2 Concentration and Pressure Gradients in Membranes (25)
  • 2.2.3 Application of the Solution-Diffusion Model to Specific Processes (31)
  • 2.2.4 A Unified View (52)
  • 2.3 Structure-Permeability Relationships in Solution-Diffusion Membranes (56)
  • 2.3.1 Diffusion Coefficients (59)
  • 2.3.2 Sorption Coefficients in Polymers (68)
  • 2.4 Conclusions (74)
  • References (75)
  • 3 Micro porous Membranes - Characteristics and Transport Mechanisms (79)
  • 3.1 Introduction (80)
  • 3.2 Gas Separation in Microporous Membranes (81)
  • 3.2.1 Membrane Categories (81)
  • 3.2.2 Crystalline Finely Microporous Membranes (82)
  • 3.2.3 Amorphous Microporous Membranes (90)
  • 3.3 Gas Separation: Transport Mechanisms (95)
  • 3.3.1 Surface Adsorption and Diffusion (95)
  • 3.3.2 Knudsen Diffusion (98)
  • 3.3.3 Molecular Sieving (100)
  • 3.3.4 Pore Blocking (101)
  • 3.3.5 Summary (104)
  • 3.4 Liquid Permeation in Microporous Membranes (105)
  • 3.4.1 Screen Filters (105)
  • 3.4.2 Depth Filters (109)
  • 3.5 Conclusions and Future Directions (110)
  • References (111)
  • 4 Membranes and Modules (115)
  • 4.1 Introduction (116)
  • 4.2 Isotropic Membranes (116)
  • 4.2.1 Isotropic Nonporous Membranes (116)
  • 4.2.2 Isotropic Microporous Membranes (118)
  • 4.3 Anisotropic Membranes (122)
  • 4.3.1 Phase Separation Membranes (123)
  • 4.3.2 Interfacial Polymerization Membranes (138)
  • 4.3.3 Solution-Coated Composite Membranes (143)
  • 4.3.4 Repairing Membrane Defects (147)
  • 4.4 Ceramic and Glass Membranes (149)
  • 4.4.1 Ceramic Membranes (149)
  • 4.4.2 Microporous Glass Membranes (152)
  • 4.5 Other Membranes (152)
  • 4.6 Hollow Fiber Membranes (153)
  • 4.7 Membrane Modules (156)
  • 4.7.1 Plate-and-Frame Modules (158)
  • 4.7.2 Tubular Modules (159)
  • 4.7.3 Spiral-Wound Modules (162)
  • 4.7.4 Hollow Fiber Modules (165)
  • 4.7.5 Other Module Types (167)
  • 4.8 Module Selection (168)
  • 4.9 Conclusions and Future Directions (170)
  • References (171)
  • 5 Concentration Polarization (177)
  • 5.1 Introduction (177)
  • 5.2 Boundary Layer Film Model (180)
  • 5.2.1 Detemnnation of the Peclet Number (187)
  • 5.3 Concentration Polarization in Liquid Separation Processes (189)
  • 5.4 Concentration Polarization in Gas Separation Processes (193)
  • 5.5 Concentration Polarization in Membrane Contactors and Related Processes (194)
  • 5.6 Conclusions and Future Directions (196)
  • References (196)
  • 6 Reverse Osmosis (Hyperfiltration) (198)
  • 6.1 Introduction and History (199)
  • 6.2 Theoretical Background (201)
  • 6.3 Membrane Materials (204)
  • 6.3.1 Cellulosic Membranes (204)
  • 6.3.2 Noncellulosic Loeb-Sourirajan Membranes (206)
  • 6.3.3 Interfacial Composite Membranes (207)
  • 6.4 Membrane Performance (210)
  • 6.5 Reverse Osmosis Membrane Categories (211)
  • 6.5.1 Seawater Desalination Membranes (211)
  • 6.5.2 Brackish Water Desalination Membranes (213)
  • 6.5.3 Nanofiltration Membranes (213)
  • 6.5.4 Organic Solvent Separating Membranes (215)
  • 6.6 Membrane Modules (218)
  • 6.7 Membrane Fouling and Control (219)
  • 6.7.1 Silt (220)
  • 6.7.2 Scale (220)
  • 6.7.3 Biofouling (223)
  • 6.7.4 Organic Fouling (223)
  • 6.7.5 Pretreatment (223)
  • 6.7.6 Membrane Cleaning (224)
  • 6.8 Applications (225)
  • 6.8.1 Seawater Desalination (226)
  • 6.8.2 Brackish Water Desalination (228)
  • 6.8.3 Industrial Applications (229)
  • 6.8.4 Organic Solvent Separations (232)
  • 6.8.5 Conclusions and Future Directions (236)
  • References (238)
  • 7 Ultrafiltration (241)
  • 7.1 Introduction and History (242)
  • 7.2 Characterization of Ultrafiltration Membranes (244)
  • 7.3 Membrane Fouling (246)
  • 7.3.1 Constant Pressure and Constant Flux Operation (246)
  • 7.3.2 Concentration Polarization (251)
  • 7.3.3 Fouling Control (259)
  • 7.4 Membranes (260)
  • 7.5 Tangential-Flow Modules and Process Designs (261)
  • 7.5.1 Modules (262)
  • 7.5.2 Process Design (264)
  • 7.6 Applications (266)
  • 7.6.1 Industrial Applications (268)
  • 7.6.2 Municipal Water Treatment/Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) (274)
  • 7.6.3 Biotechnology (280)
  • 7.7 Conclusions and Future Directions (282)
  • References (284)
  • 8 Microfiltration (287)
  • 8.1 Introduction and History (287)
  • 8.2 Background (288)
  • 8.2.1 Types of Membrane (288)
  • 8.2.2 Membrane Characterization (291)
  • 8.2.3 Microfiltration Membranes and Modules (297)
  • 8.2.4 Process Design (300)
  • 8.3 Applications (301)
  • 8.3.1 Sterile Filtration of Pharmaceuticals (302)
  • 8.3.2 Microfiltration in the Electronics Industry (303)
  • 8.3.3 Sterilization of Wine and Beer (304)
  • 8.4 Conclusions and Future Directions (304)
  • References (304)
  • 9 Gas Separation (305)
  • 9.1 Introduction and History (306)
  • 9.2 Dense Polymeric Membranes (308)
  • 9.2.1 Theoretical Background (308)
  • 9.2.2 Structural Features and Considerations (315)
  • 9.3 Microporous Membranes (317)
  • 9.4 Membrane Modules (319)
  • 9.5 Process Design (320)
  • 9.5.1 Pressure Ratio (321)
  • 9.5.2 Stage-Cut (325)
  • 9.5.3 Multistep and Multistage System Designs (327)
  • 9.5.4 Recycle Designs (329)
  • 9.6 Applications (330)
  • 9.6.1 Hydrogen Separation (330)
  • 9.6.2 Air Separation (333)
  • 9.6.3 Natural Gas Separations (338)
  • 9.6.4 Organic Vapor/Gas Separations (347)
  • 9.6.5 To-Be-Developed Applications (348)
  • 9.7 Conclusions and Future Directions (353)
  • References (355)
  • 10 Pervaporation/Vapor Permeation (359)
  • 10.1 Introduction and History (359)
  • 10.2 Theoretical Background (362)
  • 10.3 Membrane Materials and Modules (370)
  • 10.3.1 Membrane Characterization (370)
  • 10.3.2 Membrane Materials (370)
  • 10.3.3 Membrane Modules (375)
  • 10.4 Process Design (377)
  • 10.4.1 Basic Principles (377)
  • 10.4.2 Hybrid Distillation/Membrane Processes (380)
  • 10.5 Applications (382)
  • 10.5.1 Bioethanol and Solvent Dehydration (383)
  • 10.5.2 VOC/Water Separations (384)
  • 10.5.3 Separation of Organic Mixtures (385)
  • 10.6 Conclusions and Future Directions (390)
  • References (390)
  • 11 Ion Exchange Membrane Processes (394)
  • 11.1 Introduction and History (395)
  • 11.2 Theoretical Background (396)
  • 11.2.1 Transport Through Ion Exchange Membranes (397)
  • 11.3 Chemistry of Ion Exchange Membranes (400)
  • 11.3.1 Homogeneous Membranes (402)
  • 11.3.2 Heterogeneous Membranes (404)
  • 11.4 Electrodialysis (405)
  • 11.4.1 Concentration Polarization and Limiting Current Density (405)
  • 11.4.2 Current Efficiency and Power Consumption (410)
  • 11.4.3 System Design (411)
  • 11.5 Electrodialysis Applications (414)
  • 11.5.1 Water Desalination (414)
  • 11.5.2 Continuous Electrodeionization and Ultrapure Water (414)
  • 11.5.3 Salt Recovery from Seawater (416)
  • 11.5.4 Other Electrodialysis Applications (416)
  • 11.6 Fuel Cells (417)
  • 11.7 Chlor-Alkali Processes (421)
  • 11.8 Other Electrochemical Processes (423)
  • 11.8.1 Water Splitting Using Bipolar Membranes (423)
  • 11.8.2 Redox Flow Batteries (424)
  • 11.8.3 Reverse Electrodialysis (427)
  • 11.9 Conclusions and Future Directions (428)
  • References (428)
  • 12 Carrier Facilitated Transport (431)
  • 12.1 Introduction (431)
  • 12.2 Facilitated Transport (435)
  • 12.2.1 Membrane and Process Development (435)
  • 12.2.2 Theory (437)
  • 12.2.3 Membranes (440)
  • 12.2.4 Applications (442)
  • 12.3 Coupled Transport (446)
  • 12.3.1 Membrane and Process Development (446)
  • 12.3.2 Theory (451)
  • 12.3.3 Coupled Transport Membrane Characteristics (454)
  • 12.3.4 Applications (459)
  • 12.4 Conclusions and Future Directions (459)
  • References (460)
  • 13 Membrane Contactors (464)
  • 13.1 Introduction (464)
  • 13.2 Contactor Modules (466)
  • 13.3 Applications of Membrane Contactors (468)
  • 13.3.1 Liquid/Liquid Contactor Applications (469)
  • 13.3.2 Liquid/Gas and Gas/Liquid Contactors (478)
  • 13.3.3 Gas/Gas Membrane Contactors (482)
  • 13.4 Conclusions and Future Directions (486)
  • References (486)
  • 14 Medical Applications of Membranes (490)
  • 14.1 Introduction (490)
  • 14.2 Hemodialysis (491)
  • 14.3 Plasma Fractionation (495)
  • 14.4 Blood Oxygenators (496)
  • 14.5 Controlled Drug Delivery (497)
  • 14.5.1 Membrane Diffusion-Controlled Systems (499)
  • 14.5.2 Monolithic Systems (502)
  • 14.5.3 Biodegradable Systems (502)
  • 14.5.4 Osmotic Systems (503)
  • References (509)
  • 15 Other Membrane Processes (512)
  • 15.1 Introduction (512)
  • 15.2 Metal Membranes (512)
  • 15.3 Ion-Conducting Membranes (516)
  • 15.4 Charge Mosaic Membranes and Piezodialysis (520)
  • References (523)
  • Appendix (525)
  • Index (536)

Author notes provided by Syndetics

Dr. Richard W. Baker received his doctorate in physical chemistry in 1966 from Imperial College, London. In 1982, following industrial appointments at Amicon and Alza, and the co-founding of Bend Research, Dr. Baker founded his second company, MTR, where he served as president for 25 years. In 2007, Dr. Baker stepped aside as MTR's president, but remains active as Chief Scientist and a member of the Board of Directors. He is heavily engaged in MTR's ongoing development and commercialization and membrane-based carbon capture.