Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

• Preface (p. xv)
• Contributors (p. xvi)
• In Memoriam (p. xx)
• Dedication (p. xxi)
• Part I Impact of the Disease (p. 1)
• 1 Chronicity (p. 3)
• Introduction (p. 3)
• Disease Versus Illness (p. 4)
• Acute Versus Chronic Disorders (p. 4)
• Historical Perspectives (p. 4)
• Defining Chronicity (p. 5)
• Impact of Chronic Illness (p. 6)
• Growth and Development Factors (p. 6)
• Quality of Life Versus Quantity of Life (p. 9)
• Health Disparities (p. 9)
• Cultural Influences (p. 10)
• Social Influences (p. 11)
• Financial Impact of Chronicity (p. 11)
• Attitudes of Health Care Professionals (p. 12)
• Interventions (p. 12)
• Professional Education (p. 12)
• Legislation (p. 13)
• Providing Culturally Competent Care (p. 14)
• Models of Chronic Disease Management (p. 16)
• Professional and Community Responsibility (p. 18)
• Research (p. 19)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 20)
• Study Questions (p. 20)
• References (p. 21)
• 2 Illness Behavior and Roles (p. 23)
• Introduction (p. 23)
• Illness Behavior (p. 23)
• The Sick Role (p. 24)
• The Impaired Role (p. 24)
• Issues Related to Illness Behavior and Roles (p. 26)
• Criticisms of Parsons' Model (p. 26)
• Who Seeks the Sick Role? (p. 28)
• Role Changes (p. 28)
• Secondary Gains (p. 29)
• Life Cycle Differences (p. 29)
• Professional Responses to Illness Behavior and Roles (p. 31)
• Lack of Role Norms for the Chronically Ill (p. 33)
• Interventions (p. 33)
• Dealing with Dependency (p. 33)
• Role Supplementation (p. 34)
• Norms for the Impaired Role (p. 35)
• Assisting Those in the Impaired Role (p. 36)
• Learning to Deal with Personal Biases (p. 36)
• Frameworks and Models for Practice (p. 37)
• Research (p. 40)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 41)
• Study Questions (p. 41)
• References (p. 42)
• 3 Stigma (p. 45)
• Introduction (p. 45)
• Stigma, Social Identity, and Labeling Theory (p. 45)
• Impact of Stigma (p. 51)
• Responses of Stigmatized Individuals to Others (p. 51)
• Responses of Nonstigmatized People to Stigmatized Individuals (p. 54)
• Professional Responses: Attitudes Toward Stigma (p. 55)
• Interventions: Dealing with Stigmatized Individuals (p. 55)
• Responses Toward Self: Changes in Attitudes (p. 56)
• Developing a Support Group of One's Own (p. 57)
• Developing Supportive Others (p. 57)
• Advocacy (p. 58)
• Changing Definitions of Disability (p. 59)
• Nonacceptance Versus Nonparticipation (p. 59)
• Professional Attitudes: Cure Versus Care (p. 59)
• Community Education Programs (p. 62)
• Outcomes (p. 63)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 63)
• References (p. 65)
• 4 Chronic Pain (p. 67)
• Introduction (p. 67)
• Theories of Pain (p. 67)
• Acute Versus Chronic Pain (p. 68)
• Problems and Issues (p. 68)
• Undertreatment by Professionals (p. 69)
• Effects of Unrelieved Pain (p. 70)
• Life-Cycle Differences (p. 74)
• Effects of Culture on Pain (p. 77)
• Interventions for Dealing with Clients with Chronic Pain (p. 78)
• Problem-Solving Process (p. 78)
• Pharmacological Management of Pain (p. 79)
• Noninvasive Methods of Pain Control (p. 83)
• Pain Management Programs (p. 94)
• Outcomes (p. 95)
• Study Questions (p. 96)
• References (p. 96)
• 5 Self-Efficacy (p. 105)
• Introduction (p. 105)
• Context of Self-Efficacy (p. 105)
• Defining Self-Efficacy (p. 106)
• Human Capabilities in Self-Efficacy (p. 106)
• Concepts Related to Self-Efficacy (p. 107)
• Sources of Self-Efficacy Beliefs (p. 108)
• Integration of Efficacy Information (p. 110)
• Self-Efficacy Mediating Processes (p. 110)
• Problems and Issues (p. 112)
• Self-Efficacy Instrument Development (p. 112)
• Interventions (p. 113)
• Enhancing Self-Efficacy (p. 113)
• Evidence for the Effectiveness of Self-Management (p. 113)
• Interventions Based on Self-Efficacy (p. 114)
• Social Persuasion (p. 116)
• Reinterpreting Physiologic Symptoms (p. 116)
• Outcomes (p. 117)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 118)
• Study Questions (p. 118)
• References (p. 118)
• Note (p. 120)
• 6 Social Isolation (p. 121)
• Introduction (p. 121)
• When Is Isolation a Problem? (p. 121)
• Distinctions of Social Isolation (p. 121)
• Description and Characteristics of Social Isolation (p. 122)
• Social Isolation Versus Similar States of Human Apartness (p. 123)
• Social Isolation as a Nursing Diagnosis (p. 124)
• Problems and Issues of Social Isolation (p. 124)
• The Isolation Process (p. 125)
• Social Isolation and Stigma (p. 125)
• Social Isolation and Social Roles (p. 126)
• Social Isolation and Culture (p. 127)
• Social Components of Social Isolation (p. 128)
• Demographics and Social Isolation (p. 128)
• Illness Factors and Social Isolation (p. 130)
• Health Care Perspectives (p. 131)
• Interventions: Counteracting Social Isolation (p. 132)
• Assessment of Social Isolation (p. 133)
• Management of Self: Identity Development (p. 136)
• Integrating Culture into Health Care (p. 137)
• Respite (p. 137)
• Support Groups and Other Mutual Aid (p. 138)
• Spiritual Well-Being (p. 138)
• Rebuilding Family Networks (p. 139)
• Communication Technologies (p. 140)
• Outcomes (p. 141)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 141)
• Study Questions (p. 142)
• References (p. 143)
• 7 Altered Mobility and Fatigue (p. 147)
• Altered Mobility
• Introduction (p. 147)
• Problems and Issues with Altered Mobility (p. 148)
• Causes of Altered Mobility (p. 148)
• Effects of Immobility (p. 151)
• Patterns of Mobility Alteration (p. 153)
• Interventions for the Client with Altered Mobility (p. 155)
• Preventative Health Care (p. 155)
• Physical Activity (p. 155)
• Adequate Nutrition (p. 159)
• Pain Control (p. 160)
• Aids for Sensory Impairment (p. 160)
• Psychosocial Interventions (p. 160)
• Management of Equipment (p. 161)
• Reducing Environmental Barriers (p. 161)
• Cultural Influences (p. 161)
• Outcomes (p. 163)
• Fatigue
• Introduction (p. 163)
• Significance of Fatigue (p. 163)
• Defining Fatigue (p. 164)
• Problems and Issues with Fatigue (p. 165)
• Measurement of Fatigue (p. 165)
• Fatigue in Chronic Disease (p. 166)
• Fatigue and Other Symptoms (p. 167)
• Cultural Influences (p. 168)
• Interventions (p. 169)
• Assessment of Fatigue (p. 169)
• Support Groups (p. 169)
• Managing Fatigue (p. 170)
• Outcomes (p. 172)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 172)
• Study Questions (p. 172)
• References (p. 173)
• 8 Body Image (p. 181)
• Introduction (p. 181)
• Definitions of Body Image (p. 181)
• Historical Foundations of Body Image (p. 182)
• Defining Body Image (p. 182)
• Factors Influencing Adjustment to Body Image (p. 183)
• Assessment of Body Image (p. 188)
• Body Image Issues Important to Chronic Illness (p. 189)
• External Changes (p. 189)
• Functional Limitations (p. 190)
• Interventions (p. 191)
• Specific Interventions (p. 191)
• Outcomes (p. 194)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 195)
• Study Questions (p. 195)
• References (p. 195)
• Part II Impact on the Client and Family (p. 199)
• 9 Quality of Life (p. 201)
• Introduction (p. 201)
• Defining Quality of Life (p. 202)
• Frameworks (p. 202)
• Problems and Issues of Quality of Life in Chronic Illness (p. 204)
• Health and Function Issues (p. 204)
• Psychological and Spiritual Issues (p. 205)
• Social and Economic Issues (p. 207)
• Family Issues (p. 209)
• Interventions for Improving Quality of Life (p. 209)
• Interventions for Health and Function (p. 210)
• Psychosocial and Spiritual Interventions (p. 212)
• Social and Economic Interventions (p. 214)
• Family Interventions (p. 215)
• Outcomes (p. 216)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 217)
• Study Questions (p. 217)
• References (p. 217)
• 10 Compliance (p. 221)
• Introduction (p. 221)
• Compliance and Chronic Illness (p. 221)
• Definition of Terms (p. 222)
• Components of Compliance (p. 223)
• Models and Theories of Compliance (p. 223)
• Prevalence of Noncompliance (p. 229)
• Problems and Issues (p. 230)
• Barriers to the Study of Compliance (p. 230)
• Variables of Noncompliance (p. 231)
• Ethical Issues in Compliance (p. 236)
• Interventions to Attain Compliance (p. 237)
• Assessment (p. 238)
• Measuring Compliance Behaviors (p. 239)
• Educational Strategies to Enhance Compliance (p. 242)
• Behavioral Strategies to Enhance Compliance (p. 243)
• Ethnocultural Interventions (p. 244)
• Outcomes (p. 245)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 245)
• Study Questions (p. 245)
• References (p. 246)
• 11 Family Caregivers (p. 253)
• Introduction (p. 253)
• Current Family Caregiving (p. 253)
• Preferences for Family Care (p. 254)
• Characteristics of Family Caregivers (p. 254)
• Types of Care Provided by Family Caregivers (p. 256)
• Caregiving Histories and Maturation over Time (p. 256)
• Positive Aspects of Caregiving (p. 257)
• Future Caregiving (p. 257)
• Problems and Issues (p. 258)
• The Influence of Public Policy on Family Caregiving (p. 260)
• Emotional Effects of Being a Caregiver (p. 261)
• Family Relationships When Long-Term Caregiving Is Required (p. 262)
• Elder Abuse and Neglect (p. 263)
• Excessive Caregiving (p. 263)
• Financial Impact of Caregiving (p. 264)
• Interventions (p. 265)
• The Interface of Informal and Formal Caregiving Networks (p. 265)
• Family Caregivers as Members of Care Planning Teams (p. 267)
• Life-Span Development and Developmentally Appropriate Care (p. 267)
• Helping Families Learn to Cope (p. 268)
• Spirituality and Caregiving (p. 269)
• Programs, Services, and Resources for Family Caregivers (p. 272)
• The Need for Culturally Sensitive Interventions (p. 276)
• Outcomes (p. 277)
• Care Recipient, Caregiver, and Caregiving System Outcomes (p. 277)
• Societal Outcomes (p. 278)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 279)
• Study Questions (p. 279)
• References (p. 279)
• 12 Sexuality (p. 285)
• Introduction (p. 285)
• Definitions (p. 285)
• Standards of Practice (p. 285)
• The Sexual Response Cycle and Sexual Physiology (p. 286)
• Sexuality and Chronic Illness (p. 289)
• Interventions (p. 299)
• Sexual Assessment (p. 299)
• Including Sexuality into Practice (p. 299)
• Outcomes (p. 301)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 301)
• References (p. 301)
• 13 Powerlessness (p. 305)
• Introduction (p. 305)
• Historical Perspectives (p. 305)
• Defining Powerlessness (p. 307)
• Issues Related to Powerlessness (p. 307)
• Physiological Factors (p. 307)
• Management of the Medical Regimen (p. 308)
• Loss (p. 309)
• Lack of Knowledge (p. 309)
• Health Care System (p. 309)
• Societal Issues (p. 310)
• Lack of Resources (p. 310)
• Uncertainty (p. 310)
• Culture (p. 311)
• Interventions (p. 311)
• Assessment (p. 311)
• Client and Family Education (p. 313)
• Diversional Experiences (p. 314)
• Empowerment (p. 314)
• Establishing a Sense of Mastery (p. 315)
• Services (p. 315)
• Recommendations for Further Conceptual and Data-Based Work (p. 316)
• Philosophical Considerations (p. 316)
• Outcomes (p. 316)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 316)
• Study Questions (p. 317)
• References (p. 317)
• Part III Impact of the Health Professional (p. 321)
• 14 Change Agent (p. 323)
• Introduction (p. 323)
• The Concept of Change (p. 323)
• Assumptions (p. 324)
• Planned and Unplanned Change (p. 324)
• Issues Related to Change (p. 325)
• Resistance to Change (p. 325)
• Clients Who Choose Not to Change (p. 325)
• Barriers to Change (p. 326)
• Emotional Response to Change (p. 327)
• Ethical Issues (p. 327)
• "Slipping" and Relapsing (p. 328)
• Change During Times of Crisis (p. 329)
• Cultural Influences (p. 329)
• Interventions (p. 330)
• Change Agent (p. 330)
• Assessing and Planning for Change (p. 331)
• Theoretical Frameworks (p. 334)
• Maintenance of Change (p. 345)
• Outcomes (p. 345)
• Study Questions (p. 348)
• References (p. 348)
• 15 Client and Family Education (p. 351)
• Introduction (p. 351)
• The Teaching-Learning Process (p. 351)
• The Role of Teaching in Nursing (p. 351)
• Pedagogy and Andragogy (p. 353)
• Phases of Learning (p. 353)
• Barriers Influencing the Teaching-Learning Process (p. 354)
• Developmental Issues (p. 354)
• Gender (p. 356)
• Culture (p. 357)
• Motivation (p. 357)
• Readiness to Learn (p. 358)
• Communication (p. 358)
• Societal Role Considerations (p. 359)
• Physical and Functional Influences (p. 360)
• Locus of Control (p. 360)
• Compliance (p. 360)
• Nurse Factors That Influence the Teaching-Learning Process (p. 360)
• Interventions (p. 362)
• The Teaching Role in Chronic Illness (p. 362)
• Development of a Teaching Plan (p. 364)
• Implementing the Teaching Plan (p. 366)
• Evaluation of Learning (p. 368)
• Other Strategies (p. 369)
• Other Considerations (p. 370)
• Outcomes (p. 372)
• Study Questions (p. 372)
• References (p. 372)
• 16 Advocacy (p. 375)
• Introduction (p. 375)
• Evolution of Nursing Advocacy (p. 375)
• Defining Advocacy (p. 376)
• Self-Care Nursing Theory (p. 377)
• Philosophical Foundations of Advocacy in Nursing (p. 377)
• The Need for Advocacy (p. 379)
• Advocate Roles (p. 380)
• Problems and Issues (p. 384)
• Client Factors Affecting Advocacy (p. 384)
• Nurse Factors Affecting Advocacy (p. 387)
• Social Factors Affecting Advocacy (p. 390)
• Interventions (p. 392)
• Advocacy Models (p. 393)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 398)
• Study Questions (p. 398)
• References (p. 399)
• 17 Research in Chronic Illness (p. 403)
• Introduction (p. 403)
• Types of Research in Chronic Illness (p. 403)
• Theoretical Support for Chronic Illness Research (p. 404)
• Research on the Prevention of Chronic Illness (p. 405)
• Research on the Management of Chronic Illness (p. 408)
• Quantitative Research on Children with Chronic Illness and Their Families (p. 410)
• Quantitative Research on Adults with Chronic Illness (p. 411)
• Intervention Research with Children with Chronic Illness and Their Families (p. 413)
• Intervention Research with Adults with Chronic Illness (p. 414)
• Intervention Research on Other Chronic Illness (p. 417)
• Issues in Chronic Illness Research (p. 418)
• Issues of Descriptive Research in Prevention of Chronic Illness (p. 418)
• Issues in Intervention Research in the Prevention of Chronic Illness (p. 418)
• Issues in Descriptive Research on Chronic Illness Management (p. 418)
• Issues in Intervention Studies in Chronic Illness Management (p. 419)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 420)
• Study Questions (p. 420)
• References (p. 420)
• 18 Ethics in Chronic Illness (p. 431)
• Introduction (p. 431)
• Living with a Chronic Illness (p. 431)
• Ethics (p. 432)
• Ethical Practice in Nursing (p. 432)
• Ethical Principles (p. 433)
• Ethical Perspectives (p. 436)
• Influencing Factors (p. 438)
• Ethical Dilemmas (p. 439)
• The Ethical Decision-Making Process (p. 440)
• Ethical Challenges and Concerns (p. 440)
• Lack of Control (p. 440)
• Suffering (p. 442)
• Accessing Services (p. 444)
• Interventions for Creating an Ethical Climate (p. 447)
• Increasing the Nurse's Understanding of Ethics (p. 447)
• Advocacy (p. 449)
• Communicating Effectively (p. 450)
• Outcomes (p. 451)
• Study Questions (p. 451)
• References (p. 452)
• 19 Nurse Case Management (p. 455)
• Introduction (p. 455)
• Differentiating Managed Care and Case Management (p. 456)
• Nursing Case Management Models (p. 461)
• Historical Development of Case Management Models (p. 461)
• Nurse Case Management Interventions (p. 465)
• Selecting Appropriate Case Management Strategies (p. 466)
• Salient Factors Framework (p. 466)
• Salient Factors: The Clinical Strategy (p. 467)
• Application of the Salient Factors Framework and Strategies (p. 472)
• Outcomes (p. 472)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 472)
• Study Questions (p. 472)
• References (p. 473)
• 20 The Advanced Practice Nurse in Chronic Illness (p. 477)
• Introduction (p. 477)
• Advanced Practice Nursing Education (p. 477)
• Roles (p. 479)
• Theory-Based Practice (p. 480)
• American Nurses Association Standards of Practice for the APN (p. 481)
• Regulation of Practice (p. 481)
• Models of Practice for Advanced Practice Nurses (p. 482)
• Additional Roles for Experienced Advanced Practice Nurses (p. 482)
• A Practice Scenario with a Clinical Nurse Specialist (p. 483)
• A Practice Scenario with a Nurse Practitioner (p. 483)
• Problems and Issues of Advanced Practice Nursing (p. 483)
• Difficulty in Attracting Students and Faculty (p. 483)
• Resistance from Physician Organizations (p. 484)
• Using Protocols or Guidelines in Practice (p. 484)
• Admitting Privileges in Acute Care Facilities (p. 485)
• Reimbursement Issues in Advanced Practice Nursing (p. 485)
• Prescriptive Authority (p. 486)
• Cultural Perspectives of Advanced Practice Nursing (p. 487)
• Interventions (p. 487)
• Gaining Acceptance by Other Disciplines (p. 487)
• Opening an Advanced Practice Nursing Practice (p. 487)
• Policy Development (p. 488)
• Outcomes (p. 490)
• Study Questions (p. 490)
• References (p. 491)
• 21 Complementary, Alternative and Integrative Therapies (p. 493)
• Introduction (p. 493)
• Why Individuals Seek Integrative/Complementary Treatments (p. 494)
• Problems and Issues Related to Complementary and Alternative Therapies (p. 495)
• Evidence-Based Practice (p. 496)
• Complementary and Alternative Interventions (p. 497)
• Holistic Health Care (p. 497)
• Cultural Integration (p. 498)
• Selecting a Practitioner (p. 498)
• Reputable and Competent Clinicians (p. 499)
• Treatment Modalities (p. 499)
• Therapeutic Touch (p. 502)
• Outcomes (p. 505)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 506)
• Study Questions (p. 506)
• References (p. 506)
• Internet Sources (p. 510)
• Part IV Impact of the System (p. 511)
• 22 Home Health Care (p. 513)
• Introduction (p. 513)
• Historical Perspectives (p. 514)
• Model of Home Health Care (p. 517)
• Applying Nursing Theory to Home Health Care (p. 518)
• The Language of Home Health Care (p. 519)
• The Home Health Care Team (p. 519)
• Problems and Issues of Home Health Care (p. 521)
• Limited Reimbursement (p. 521)
• Interventions (p. 528)
• Diversifying Home Care Services (p. 528)
• Changing the Model of Care Delivery (p. 528)
• Counterbalancing the Staffing Shortage (p. 529)
• Changes in Nursing Education (p. 529)
• Avoiding Legal and Compliance Pitfalls (p. 529)
• Computerization (p. 530)
• Legislation (p. 530)
• Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 (p. 530)
• Supporting Family Caregivers (p. 531)
• Outcomes (p. 531)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 532)
• Note (p. 533)
• Study Questions (p. 533)
• References (p. 533)
• 23 Palliative Care (p. 537)
• Introduction (p. 537)
• Historical Perspectives (p. 537)
• Clinical Practice Guidelines for Palliative Care (p. 539)
• Clinical Specialty of Palliative Care (p. 539)
• Differentiating Hospice Care and Palliative Care (p. 540)
• Palliative Care and Chronic Illness (p. 541)
• Problems and Barriers Related to Palliative Care (p. 541)
• Family Caregiving Burden (p. 543)
• Interventions (p. 544)
• Determining Goals of Care (p. 545)
• Assessment and Treatment of Symptoms (p. 546)
• Advance Directives (p. 546)
• Psychosocial, Spiritual and Bereavement Needs (p. 547)
• Culture and Palliative Care (p. 548)
• Education for Healthcare Professionals (p. 549)
• Research (p. 550)
• Outcomes (p. 550)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 550)
• Study Questions (p. 551)
• References (p. 551)
• Internet Resources (p. 554)
• 24 Long-Term Care (p. 555)
• Introduction (p. 555)
• Historical Perspectives (p. 557)
• The Continuum of Care (p. 558)
• Long-Term Care Recipients-A Vulnerable Population (p. 560)
• Problems and Issues in Long-Term Care (p. 560)
• Provision of Care (p. 560)
• Ethical Issues in Long-Term Care (p. 564)
• Adjustment to Long-Term Care (p. 565)
• Interventions (p. 566)
• Theoretical Framework for Practice (p. 566)
• Admission and Assessment in the Long-Term Care Setting (p. 566)
• Preservation of Autonomy as a Nursing Intervention (p. 567)
• Advocacy: The Role of the Ombudsman (p. 570)
• Adjustment (p. 570)
• Nursing Care (p. 570)
• Research in Long-Term Care (p. 574)
• Outcomes (p. 575)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 576)
• Study Questions (p. 576)
• References (p. 576)
• 25 Rehabilitation (p. 579)
• Introduction (p. 579)
• Definitions (p. 580)
• Rehabilitation Issues and Challenges (p. 591)
• Rising Care Costs (p. 591)
• Caregiver Burden (p. 592)
• Inequities among Disabled Americans (p. 592)
• Image of Disability (p. 593)
• Changing Composition of the Disabled Population (p. 595)
• Ethical Issues (p. 596)
• Cultural Competency (p. 597)
• Inadequate Documentation of Rehabilitation Outcomes (p. 598)
• Formal and Informal Caregiver Issues (p. 598)
• Interventions (p. 599)
• The Rehabilitation Process (p. 599)
• Rehabilitation Nursing (p. 604)
• Rehabilitation Settings (p. 604)
• Rehabilitation Specialties (p. 605)
• Assuring Quality in Rehabilitation Facilities (p. 607)
• Outcomes (p. 608)
• Study Questions (p. 609)
• References (p. 609)
• 26 Politics & Policy (p. 617)
• Introduction (p. 617)
• Policy Defined (p. 618)
• Problems and Issues (p. 618)
• U.S. Health Care: A System in Trouble (p. 619)
• Federal Initiatives (p. 623)
• Lack of Affordable, Accessible, and Quality Health Care (p. 624)
• Quality-of-Life Issues (p. 626)
• Interventions: Politics, a Caring Action (p. 628)
• Stages of Influencing Policy (p. 628)
• The Three Cs of Political Influence (p. 631)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 633)
• Study Questions (p. 633)
• References (p. 634)
• Internet Resources (p. 637)
• 27 Financial Impact (p. 639)
• Introduction (p. 639)
• Gauging Health Care Costs (p. 640)
• Issues of Rising Health Care Costs (p. 640)
• Paying for Health Care (p. 640)
• Health Care Spending (p. 644)
• Where Health Care Money Goes (p. 644)
• Chronic Illness and Costs (p. 647)
• Impact of Rising Costs (p. 650)
• Solutions to Rising Health Care Costs (p. 650)
• Managing Chronic Conditions (p. 652)
• Expanding Medicare (p. 652)
• The Future (p. 654)
• Summary and Conclusions (p. 654)
• Study Questions (p. 655)
• References (p. 655)
• Index (p. 657)