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Principles of ecotoxicology / C.H. Walker, R.M. Sibly, S.P. Hopkin, D.B. Peakall.

By: Walker, C. H. (Colin Harold), 1936-.
Contributor(s): Sibly, R. M | Hopkin, Stephen P | Peakall, David B.
Material type: materialTypeLabelBookPublisher: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2012Edition: 4th ed.Description: xxv, 360 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.Content type: text | still image | cartographic image Media type: unmediated Carrier type: volumeISBN: 9781439862667; 1439862664.Uniform titles: Principles of ecotoxicology. Subject(s): Pollution -- Environmental aspects | Nature -- Effect of human beings on | Environmental toxicology | Science | Biochemistry | Geophysics | Biology, life sciencesDDC classification: 577.27 WAL
Contents:
Major Classes of Pollutants -- Routes by Which Pollutants Enter Ecosystems -- Long-Range Movements and Global Transport of Pollutants -- The Fate of Metals and Radioactive Isotopes in Contaminated Ecosystems -- Fates of Organic Pollutants in Individuals and in Ecosystems -- Testing for Ecotoxicity -- Biochemical Effects of Pollutants -- Physiological Effects of Pollutants Interactive Effects of Pollutants --Biomarkers --In Situ Biological Monitoring -- Changes in Numbers: Population Dynamics Evolution of Resistance to Pollution -- Changes in Communities and Ecosystems -- Extrapolating from Molecular Interactions to Consequent Effects at Population Level -- Biomarkers in Population Studies -- Ecotoxicology: Looking to the Future.
Summary: "Now in its fourth edition, this exceptionally accessible text provides students with a multidisciplinary perspective and a grounding in the fundamental principles required for research in toxicology today. Its concisesness and readability makes it highly popular with students, while its focus on principles makes its the preferred choice of instructors.Discussing the fundamental chemical and ecological nature of pollution processes, the authors identifiy the major classes of pollutants and their environmental fate while examining those pollutants deserving closer scrutiny. They also cover naturally occurring poisons, the history of chemical warfare, population risk assessment, community structure, neonicotinoids, endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, and the employment of biomarker strategies in field studies. In addition to updating the text throughout, this fourth edition--Includes a new chapter on future directions of ecotoxicologyProvides new material on nanoparticle pollution and effects of chemical weaponsOffers numerous new case studies, many from the U.S.Expands coverage of bioaccumulation, biomarkers, and risk assessment for affected populations "-- Provided by publisher.Summary: "Preface to Fourth Edition Since publication of the first edition of Principles of Ecotoxicology, both David Peakall and Steve Hopkin have died--serious losses to the international scientific community. Both made key contributions to the first two editions and this fourth edition is dedicated to their memories. The origins of this book lie in the MSc course titled "Ecotoxicology of Natural Populations," first taught at Reading in 1991. Ecotoxicology was then emerging as a distinct subject of interdisciplinary character. The structure of the course reflected this characteristic and was taught by people of widely differing backgrounds ranging from chemistry and biochemistry to population genetics and ecology. Combining the different disciplines in an integrated way was something of a challenge. The experience of teaching the course persuaded the authors of the need for a textbook that would deal with the basic principles of such a wide-ranging subject. The intention has been to approach ecotoxicology in a broad interdisciplinary way, cutting across traditional subject boundaries. However, the nature of the text is bound to reflect the experiences and interests of the authors"-- Provided by publisher.
Holdings
Item type Current library Call number Status Barcode
General lending MTU Kerry North Campus Library First Floor Main 577.27 WAL (Browse shelf(Opens below)) Available 38888000891907
General lending MTU Kerry North Campus Library First Floor Main 577.27 WAL (Browse shelf(Opens below)) Available 38888000891899
Total holds: 0

Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

Cutting across traditional subject boundaries, Principles of Ecotoxicology, Fourth Edition gives readers an integrated view of ecotoxicology, from molecules to ecosystems. This new edition of a bestselling textbook continues to emphasize principles rather than practice, providing the interdisciplinary perspective and grounding required for research.

Organized into three sections, the book first describes the molecular structures, properties, and environmental fate of pollutants. It then deals with the effects of pollutants on living organisms at the molecular, cellular, and individual levels. Moving into population biology and population genetics, the third part of the book addresses a question of great interest to ecologists: What effects do pollutants have at the levels of population, community, and the whole ecosystem?

The book also looks at how ecotoxicology is used in the biomonitoring of environmental pollution, the investigation of pollution problems, the conducting of field trials, the study of the development of resistance, and the growing area of environmental risk assessments. Throughout, examples and case studies illustrate the principles.

This updated fourth edition includes new material on nanoparticle pollution, bioaccumulation, biomarkers, and chemical warfare in nature, as well as a new chapter on the future directions of ecotoxicology. A concise textbook that will also appeal to practicing ecotoxicologists, it provides a solid basis for understanding what happens to chemicals in the real world, where they go, how they ultimately degrade, and how they affect the individuals and populations that encounter them.

What's New in This Edition

Revised and updated material throughout A chapter on future directions of ecotoxicology New material on nanoparticle pollution and chemical warfare in nature Expanded coverage of bioaccumulation, biomarkers, and risk assessment for affected populations More case studies, many from the United States Discussion of neurotoxic and behavioral effects of pollutants Recent research on the decline of vultures and effects of neonicotinoids on bees

Organic Pollutants: An Ecotoxicological Perspective, Second Edition (CRC Press, 2008), a companion volume to this book, covers the mechanistic aspects of ecotoxicology in more depth.

Formerly CIP. Uk

Rev. ed. of: Principles of ecotoxicology / C.H. Walker ... [et al.]. c2006.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Major Classes of Pollutants -- Routes by Which Pollutants Enter Ecosystems -- Long-Range Movements and Global Transport of Pollutants -- The Fate of Metals and Radioactive Isotopes in Contaminated Ecosystems -- Fates of Organic Pollutants in Individuals and in Ecosystems -- Testing for Ecotoxicity -- Biochemical Effects of Pollutants -- Physiological Effects of Pollutants Interactive Effects of Pollutants --Biomarkers --In Situ Biological Monitoring -- Changes in Numbers: Population Dynamics Evolution of Resistance to Pollution -- Changes in Communities and Ecosystems -- Extrapolating from Molecular Interactions to Consequent Effects at Population Level -- Biomarkers in Population Studies -- Ecotoxicology: Looking to the Future.

"Now in its fourth edition, this exceptionally accessible text provides students with a multidisciplinary perspective and a grounding in the fundamental principles required for research in toxicology today. Its concisesness and readability makes it highly popular with students, while its focus on principles makes its the preferred choice of instructors.Discussing the fundamental chemical and ecological nature of pollution processes, the authors identifiy the major classes of pollutants and their environmental fate while examining those pollutants deserving closer scrutiny. They also cover naturally occurring poisons, the history of chemical warfare, population risk assessment, community structure, neonicotinoids, endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, and the employment of biomarker strategies in field studies. In addition to updating the text throughout, this fourth edition--Includes a new chapter on future directions of ecotoxicologyProvides new material on nanoparticle pollution and effects of chemical weaponsOffers numerous new case studies, many from the U.S.Expands coverage of bioaccumulation, biomarkers, and risk assessment for affected populations "-- Provided by publisher.

"Preface to Fourth Edition Since publication of the first edition of Principles of Ecotoxicology, both David Peakall and Steve Hopkin have died--serious losses to the international scientific community. Both made key contributions to the first two editions and this fourth edition is dedicated to their memories. The origins of this book lie in the MSc course titled "Ecotoxicology of Natural Populations," first taught at Reading in 1991. Ecotoxicology was then emerging as a distinct subject of interdisciplinary character. The structure of the course reflected this characteristic and was taught by people of widely differing backgrounds ranging from chemistry and biochemistry to population genetics and ecology. Combining the different disciplines in an integrated way was something of a challenge. The experience of teaching the course persuaded the authors of the need for a textbook that would deal with the basic principles of such a wide-ranging subject. The intention has been to approach ecotoxicology in a broad interdisciplinary way, cutting across traditional subject boundaries. However, the nature of the text is bound to reflect the experiences and interests of the authors"-- Provided by publisher.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

  • Preface to Fourth Edition (p. xv)
  • Acknowledgments (p. xvii)
  • Authors (p. xix)
  • Introduction (p. xxi)
  • Section I Pollutants and Their Fate in Ecosystems
  • 1 Major Classes of Pollutants (p. 3)
  • 1.1 Inorganic Ions (p. 3)
  • 1.1.1 Metals (p. 3)
  • 1.1.2 Anions (p. 6)
  • 1.2 Organic Pollutants (p. 7)
  • 1.2.1 Hydrocarbons (p. 8)
  • 1.2.2 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) (p. 10)
  • 1.2.3 Polychlorinated Benzodioxins (PCDDs) (p. 12)
  • 1.2.4 Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) (p. 12)
  • 1.2.5 Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) (p. 12)
  • 1.2.6 Organochlorine Insecticides (p. 13)
  • 1.2.7 Organophosphorous Insecticides (OPs) (p. 14)
  • 1.2.8 Carbamate Insecticides (p. 15)
  • 1.2.9 Pyrethroid Insecticides (p. 16)
  • 1.2.10 Neonicotinoids (p. 16)
  • 1.2.11 Phenoxy Herbicides (Plant Growth Regulators) (p. 17)
  • 1.2.12 Anticoagulant Rodenticides (p. 18)
  • 1.2.13 Detergents (p. 18)
  • 1.2.14 Chlorophenols (p. 18)
  • 1.2.15 Ethinylestradiol (EE2) (p. 20)
  • 1.2.16 Pharmaceuticals (p. 20)
  • 1.3 Organometallic Compounds (p. 20)
  • 1.4 Radioactive Isotopes (p. 21)
  • 1.4.1 Introduction (p. 21)
  • 1.4.2 Natures and Intensities of Radioactive Decay Products (p. 22)
  • 1.4.3 Half-Lives (p. 23)
  • 1.4.4 Biochemistry (p. 23)
  • 1.5 Gaseous Pollutants (p. 24)
  • 1.6 Nanoparticles (p. 25)
  • 1.7 Summary (p. 25)
  • Further Reading (p. 26)
  • 2 Routes by which Pollutants Enter Ecosystems (p. 27)
  • 2.1 Entry into Surface Waters (p. 27)
  • 2.2 Contamination of Land (p. 30)
  • 2.3 Discharge into Atmosphere (p. 31)
  • 2.4 Quantification of Release of Pollutants (p. 35)
  • 2.5 Summary (p. 35)
  • Further Reading (p. 36)
  • 3 Long-Range Movements and Global Transport of Pollutants (p. 37)
  • 3.1 Factors Determining Movements and Distributions of Pollutants (p. 37)
  • 3.1.1 Polarity and Water Solubility (p. 37)
  • 3.1.2 Partition Coefficients (p. 39)
  • 3.1.3 Vapor Pressure (p. 40)
  • 3.1.4 Partition between Environmental Compartments (p. 40)
  • 3.1.5 Molecular Stability and Recalcitrant Molecules (p. 40)
  • 3.2 Transport in Water (p. 41)
  • 3.3 Transport in Air (p. 42)
  • 3.4 Models for Environmental Distribution of Chemicals (p. 44)
  • 3.5 Summary (p. 48)
  • Further Reading (p. 48)
  • 4 The Fate of Metals and Radioactive Isotopes in Contaminated Ecosystems (p. 49)
  • 4.1 Introduction (p. 49)
  • 4.1.1 Localization (p. 49)
  • 4.1.2 Persistence (p. 49)
  • 4.1.3 Bioconcentration and Bioaccumulation Factors (p. 50)
  • 4.1.4 Bioavailability (p. 51)
  • 4.1.5 Cocktails of Inorganic Pollutants (p. 51)
  • 4.2 Terrestrial Ecosystems (p. 51)
  • 4.2.1 Introduction (p. 51)
  • 4.2.2 Metals (p. 51)
  • 4.2.3 Radioactivity (p. 54)
  • 4.3 Aquatic Systems (p. 55)
  • 4.4 Summary (p. 58)
  • Further Reading (p. 59)
  • 5 Fates of Organic Pollutants in Individuals and in Ecosystems (p. 63)
  • 5.1 Fate within Individual Organisms (p. 63)
  • 5.1.1 General Model (p. 63)
  • 5.1.2 Processes of Uptake (p. 66)
  • 5.1.3 Processes of Distribution (p. 68)
  • 5.1.4 Storage (p. 69)
  • 5.1.5 Metabolism (p. 70)
  • 5.1.6 Sites of Excretion (p. 78)
  • 5.1.7 Toxicokinetic Models (p. 80)
  • 5.1.8 Toxicokinetic Models for Bioconcentration and Bioaccumulation (p. 82)
  • 5.2 Organic Pollutants in Terrestrial Ecosystems (p. 84)
  • 5.2.1 Fate in Soils (p. 84)
  • 5.2.2 Transfer along Terrestrial Food Chains (p. 86)
  • 5.3 Organic Pollutants in Aquatic Ecosystems (p. 90)
  • 5.3.1 Pollutants in Sediments (p. 90)
  • 5.3.2 Transfer along Aquatic Food Chains (p. 91)
  • 5.4 Summary (p. 92)
  • Further Reading (p. 93)
  • Section II Effects of Pollutants on Individual Organisms
  • 6 Testing for Ecotoxicity (p. 97)
  • 6.1 General Principles (p. 97)
  • 6.2 Determination of Toxicities of Mixtures (p. 101)
  • 6.3 Toxicity Testing with Terrestrial Organisms (p. 102)
  • 6.3.1 Introduction (p. 102)
  • 6.3.2 Invertebrate Testing (p. 103)
  • 6.3.2.1 Testing with Earthworms (p. 103)
  • 6.3.2.2 Tests with Springtails (p. 106)
  • 6.3.2.3 Tests with Beneficial Arthropods (p. 106)
  • 6.3.2.4 Automated Videotracking (p. 108)
  • 6.3.3 Vertebrates (p. 109)
  • 6.3.4 Plants (p. 111)
  • 6.4 Toxicity Testing with Aquatic Organisms (p. 112)
  • 6.4.1 Tests for Direct Absorption from Water (p. 112)
  • 6.4.2 Sediment Toxicity Tests (p. 116)
  • 6.5 Risk Assessment (p. 116)
  • 6.6 Field Testing for Toxicity (p. 118)
  • 6.7 Alternative Methods in Ecotoxicity Testing (p. 119)
  • 6.7.1 Alternative Methods for Estimating Toxicity to Vertebrates (p. 120)
  • 6.7.1.1 Toxicity Testing on Live Vertebrates (p. 120)
  • 6.7.1.2 Toxicity Testing on Nonvertebrates (p. 121)
  • 6.7.1.3 Toxicity Testing on Cellular Systems (p. 121)
  • 6.7.1.4 Predictive Models (p. 122)
  • 6.7.2 Alternative Approaches toward More Ecological End Points (p. 122)
  • 6.7.2.1 Field Studies (p. 122)
  • 6.7.2.2 Microcosms and Msocosms (p. 123)
  • 6.7.2.3 Theoretical Models (p. 124)
  • 6.8 Summary (p. 124)
  • Further Reading (p. 124)
  • 7 Biochemical Effects of Pollutants (p. 125)
  • 7.1 Introduction (p. 125)
  • 7.2 Protective Biochemical Responses (p. 128)
  • 7.3 Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity (p. 129)
  • 7.4 Examples of Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity (p. 131)
  • 7.4.1 Genotoxic Compounds (p. 131)
  • 7.4.2 Neurotoxic Compounds (p. 132)
  • 7.4.3 Mitochondrial Poisons (p. 134)
  • 7.4.4 Vitamin K Antagonists (p. 134)
  • 7.4.5 Thyroxine Antagonists (p. 135)
  • 7.4.6 Inhibition of ATPases (p. 135)
  • 7.4.7 Environmental Estrogens and Androgens (p. 135)
  • 7.4.8 Reactions with Protein Sulfhydryl (SH) Groups (p. 137)
  • 7.4.9 Photosystems of Plants (p. 137)
  • 7.4.10 Plant Growth Regulator Herbicides (p. 138)
  • 7.5 Summary (p. 138)
  • Further Reading (p. 138)
  • 8 Physiological Effects of Pollutants (p. 141)
  • 8.1 Introduction (p. 141)
  • 8.2 Effects of Pollutants at Cellular Level (p. 141)
  • 8.3 Effects at Organ Level in Animals (p. 144)
  • 8.4 Effects at Whole Organism Level (p. 148)
  • 8.4.1 Neurophysiological Effects (p. 148)
  • 8.4.2 Effects on Behavior (p. 150)
  • 8.4.3 Reproductive Effects (p. 154)
  • 8.5 Effects on Plants (p. 156)
  • 8.6 Energy Costs of Physiological Change (p. 157)
  • 8.7 Summary (p. 161)
  • Further Reading (p. 162)
  • 9 Interactive Effects of Pollutants (p. 163)
  • 9.1 Introduction (p. 163)
  • 9.2 Additive Effects (p. 164)
  • 9.3 Potentiation of Toxicity (p. 165)
  • 9.4 Potentiation Due to Inhibition of Detoxification (p. 167)
  • 9.5 Potentiation from Increased Activation (p. 169)
  • 9.6 Field Detection of Potentiation (p. 169)
  • 9.7 Summary (p. 171)
  • Further Reading (p. 172)
  • 10 Biomarkers (p. 173)
  • 10.1 Classification of Biomarkers (p. 173)
  • 10.2 Specificity of Biomarkers (p. 174)
  • 10.3 Relationship of Biomarkers to Adverse Effects (p. 176)
  • 10.4 Specific Biomarkers (p. 178)
  • 10.4.1 Inhibition of Esterases (p. 178)
  • 10.4.2 The Induction of Monooxygenases (p. 178)
  • 10.4.3 Studies of Genetic Materials (p. 179)
  • 10.4.4 Porphyrins and Heme Synthesis (p. 182)
  • 10.4.5 Induction of Vitellogenin (p. 183)
  • 10.4.6 Behavioral Biomarkers (p. 183)
  • 10.4.7 Biomarkers in Plants (p. 185)
  • 10.5 Role of Biomarkers in Environmental Risk Assessment (p. 186)
  • 10.6 Summary (p. 188)
  • Further Reading (p. 188)
  • 11 In Situ Biological Monitoring (p. 189)
  • 11.1 Introduction (p. 189)
  • 11.2 Community Effects (Type 1 Biomonitoring) (p. 189)
  • 11.2.1 Terrestrial Ecosystems (p. 190)
  • 11.2.2 Freshwater Ecosystems (p. 190)
  • 11.2.3 Marine Ecosystems (p. 193)
  • 11.3 Bioconcentration of Pollutants (Type 2 Biomonitoring) (p. 194)
  • 11.3.1 Terrestrial Ecosystems (p. 194)
  • 11.3.2 Freshwater Ecosystems (p. 195)
  • 11.3.3 Marine Ecosystems (p. 195)
  • 11.4 Effects of Pollutants (Type 3 Biomonitoring) (p. 198)
  • 11.4.1 Terrestrial Ecosystems (p. 199)
  • 11.4.2 Freshwater Ecosystems (p. 199)
  • 11.4.3 Marine Ecosystems (p. 200)
  • 11.5 Genetically Based Resistance to Pollution (Type 4 Biomonitoring) (p. 201)
  • 11.6 Conclusions (p. 202)
  • 11.7 Summary (p. 203)
  • Further Reading (p. 203)
  • Section III Effects of Pollutants on Populations and Communities
  • 12 Changes in Numbers: Population Dynamics (p. 207)
  • 12.1 Population Abundance (p. 208)
  • 12.2 Population Growth Rate (p. 209)
  • 12.3 Population Growth Rate Depends on the Properties of Individual Organisms (p. 209)
  • 12.3.1 The Life History and Population Growth Rate of the Coastal Copepod Eurytemora affinis (p. 211)
  • 12.4 Density Dependence (p. 213)
  • 12.5 Identifying Which Factors Are Density Dependent: k-Value Analysis (p. 215)
  • 12.6 Interactions between Species (p. 217)
  • 12.7 Field Studies: Three Case Studies (p. 219)
  • 12.7.1 The Decline of the Partridges (p. 219)
  • 12.7.2 Population Studies of Pesticides and Birds of Prey in the UK (p. 225)
  • 12.7.3 The Boxworth Project (Experimental Analysis of the Effects of Pesticides on Farmland) (p. 229)
  • 12.8 Modeling the Effects of Insecticides on Skylarks for Risk Assessment Purposes (p. 233)
  • 12.9 Summary (p. 236)
  • Further Reading (p. 236)
  • 13 Evolution of Resistance to Pollution (p. 239)
  • 13.1 Chronic Pollution Is Environmental Change (p. 239)
  • 13.2 Evolutionary Processes in Constant Environments (p. 239)
  • 13.3 The Evolution of Resistance When There Is a Mortality-Production Trade-Off (p. 242)
  • 13.4 Evolutionary Responses to Environmental Changes (p. 243)
  • 13.5 Monogenic Resistance (p. 247)
  • 13.6 Case Studies (p. 248)
  • 13.6.1 Evolution of Pesticide Resistance (p. 248)
  • 13.6.2 Evolution of Metal Tolerance in Plants (p. 251)
  • 13.6.3 Evolution of Industrial Melanism (p. 253)
  • 13.6.4 Evolutionary Response of Dog Whelks, Nucella lapillus, to TBT Contamination (p. 255)
  • 13.6.5 Evolution of Resistance to Pollution in Estuaries (p. 256)
  • 13.7 Summary (p. 258)
  • Further Reading (p. 259)
  • 14 Changes in Communities and Ecosystems (p. 261)
  • 14.1 Introduction (p. 261)
  • 14.2 Changes in Soil Processes: The Functional Approach (p. 262)
  • 14.3 Changes in Compositions of Communities: The Structural Approach (p. 265)
  • 14.3.1 Changes in Soil Ecosystems (p. 266)
  • 14.3.2 Acidification of Lakes and Rivers (p. 268)
  • 14.3.3 Mesocosms (p. 270)
  • 14.4 Global Processes (p. 273)
  • 14.5 Summary (p. 274)
  • Further Reading (p. 275)
  • 15 Extrapolating from Molecular Interactions to Consequent Effects at Population Level (p. 277)
  • 15.1 Introduction (p. 277)
  • 15.2 Translation of Toxic Effects across Organizational Boundaries (p. 278)
  • 15.2.1 From Effects at Site of Action to Localized Cellular Disturbances (p. 278)
  • 15.2.1.1 Example A: Action of Organophosphates on Acetylcholinesterase of Nervous System (p. 280)
  • 15.2.1.2 Example B: Action of p,p'-DDT on Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels of Axonal Membranes (p. 280)
  • 15.2.1.3 Example C: Action of p,p'-DDE on Transport of Calcium into Eggshell Glands of Birds (p. 282)
  • 15.2.1.4 Example D: Action of 17A-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) on Estrogenic Receptors of Fish (p. 282)
  • 15.2.2 From Cellular Disturbances to Effects at Whole Organism Level (p. 283)
  • 15.2.2.1 Example A: Action of Organophosphates on Acetylcholinesterase of Nervous System (p. 283)
  • 15.2.2.2 Example B: Action of p,p'-DDT on Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels of Axonal Membranes (p. 284)
  • 15.2.2.3 Example C: Action of p,p'-DDE on Transport of Calcium into Eggshell Glands of Birds (p. 284)
  • 15.2.2.4 Example D: Action of 17A-Ethinylestradiol on Estrogenic Receptors of Fish (p. 284)
  • 15.2.3 From Effects on Whole Organism to Population Effects (p. 285)
  • 15.2.3.1 Example A: Action of Organophosphates on Acetylcholinesterase of Nervous System (p. 285)
  • 15.2.3.2 Example B: Action of p,p'-DDT on Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels of Axonal Membranes (p. 286)
  • 15.2.3.3 Example C: Action of p,p'-DDE on Transport of Calcium into Eggshell Glands (p. 286)
  • 15.2.3.4 Example D: Action of 17A-Ethinylestradiol on Estrogenic Receptors in Fish (p. 286)
  • 15.2.4 Complete Causal Chain (p. 287)
  • 15.3 Biomarker Strategies (p. 287)
  • 15.3.1 Establishing Causality Where Pollution Already Exists (p. 288)
  • 15.3.2 Biomarker Strategies in the Field (p. 289)
  • 15.3.3 Control Problems (p. 290)
  • 15.3.4 Selection of Biomarkers for Field Studies (p. 291)
  • 15.4 Biomarkers and Environmental Risk Assessment (p. 292)
  • 15.5 Summary (p. 292)
  • Further Reading (p. 293)
  • 16 Biomarkers in Population Studies (p. 295)
  • 16.1 DDE-Induced Eggshell Thinning in Raptorial and Fish-Eating Birds (p. 295)
  • 16.2 Reproductive Failure of Fish-Eating Birds on Great Lakes of North America (p. 300)
  • 16.3 Reproductive Failures of Mollusks Caused by Tributyl Tin (p. 305)
  • 16.4 Forest Spraying in Eastern Canada to Control Spruce Budworm (p. 307)
  • 16.5 Summary (p. 311)
  • Further Reading (p. 311)
  • 17 Ecotoxicology: Looking to the Future (p. 313)
  • 17.1 Changing Patterns of Chemical Pollution (p. 313)
  • 17.2 Environmental Risk Assessment (p. 316)
  • 17.3 The Use of Models in Population Risk Assessment (p. 316)
  • 17.4 Technological Advances and New Biomarker Assays (p. 318)
  • 17.5 A Better Integrated Approach to Environmental Risk Assessment? (p. 320)
  • 17.6 Ethical Issues (p. 321)
  • 17.7 Summary (p. 322)
  • Further Reading (p. 322)
  • Glossary (p. 323)
  • Bibliography (p. 329)
  • Index (p. 353)