Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

Scanning Probe Microscopes: Applications in Science and Technology explains, analyzes, and demonstrates the most widely used microscope in the family of microscopes -- the scanning probe microscope. Beginning with an introduction to the development of SPMs, the author introduces the basics of scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopes (STMs and AFMs) along with other types of SPMs. He describes the different apparatus, delineates the method of calibration, and provides extensive references and experimental procedures.

Each subsequent chapter explores a different kind of molecular species or system. Lipid-like molecules and the contribution of SPMs to our understanding of self-assembly monolayers receive particular attention, as do applications involving macromolecules, such as DNA, and those related to nanotechnology.

The author brings to this project his recent, intensive involvement with state-of-the-art STM and AFM microscopes and provides both basic and advanced information in a single volume. While useful to seasoned researchers, Scanning Probe Microscopes will prove especially valuable to newcomers to the field, both as a textbook and as a guide to the expansive literature.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

• Chapter 1 Introduction (p. 1)
• 1.1 Background (p. 1)
• 1.2 History of Microscopy (p. 5)
• 1.2.1 Optical Microscopy (p. 6)
• 1.2.2 Electron Microscopy (p. 7)
• Chapter 2 Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPMs) (p. 9)
• 2.1 Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) (p. 9)
• 2.1.1 STM Apparatus (p. 9)
• 2.1.2 Description of STM (p. 11)
• 2.2 Electron Tunneling (p. 15)
• 2.3 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) (p. 16)
• 2.3.1 Basic Principles of AFM (p. 17)
• 2.3.2 Imaging in AFM and Tip Effects (p. 20)
• 2.3.3 Analyses of Tip Effects (p. 21)
• 2.3.4 Effects Related to Thermal Drift (p. 36)
• 2.3.5 Effect of Mechanical Vibrations (p. 36)
• 2.4 Modes of Operation of AFM (p. 37)
• 2.5 Simultaneous AFM and Scanning Near-Field Fluorescence (SNOM and SNOM-AFM) (p. 38)
• 2.6 Friction Force Microscopy (FFM) (p. 39)
• 2.6.1 Forces in AFM (p. 40)
• 2.6.1.1 Van der Waals Forces (p. 40)
• 2.6.1.2 Electrostatic Force (p. 40)
• 2.6.1.3 Hydrophobic Forces (p. 41)
• 2.6.1.4 Double-Layer Force (p. 41)
• 2.7 STM and AFM Studies under Fluids (p. 42)
• 2.8 Sample Preparation Procedures for STM and AFM (p. 44)
• 2.8.1 Substrates (p. 44)
• 2.8.2 Diverse Substrates (p. 45)
• 2.8.3 Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) Films (p. 45)
• 2.8.4 Biopolymer Samples (p. 46)
• 2.8.5 STM and AFM Analyses of Electron Microscope Grids (p. 47)
• 2.9 Calibration and Image Analysis of STM and AFM (p. 47)
• 2.10 Comparative Studies of Diverse Molecules by STM and AFM (p. 49)
• Chapter 3 Lipid-Like Molecules on Solids and SAMs (p. 51)
• 3.1 Collapsed Lipid Monolayers (Self-Assembly) (p. 53)
• 3.1.1 Mg-Stearate Films (p. 54)
• 3.1.2 Cholesterol and Other Oxidized Cholesterol Films (p. 56)
• 3.1.3 Mixed Lipid Monolayers (p. 64)
• 3.2 Domain Patterns in Monomolecular Film Assemblies (p. 65)
• 3.2.1 Macrodomains (p. 66)
• 3.2.2 Theoretical Analysis of Domains (Macrodomains) (p. 67)
• 3.2.2.1 Domains (Macro- and Nano-Size) Shape (p. 69)
• 3.3 Mixed Lipid Molecule Assemblies (p. 71)
• 3.4 Holes in LB Films of Self-Assembly Monolayers (p. 73)
• 3.5 Visualization of Vesicles by AFM (p. 74)
• 3.5.1 DPPC-Cholesterol (1:1 Molar) SUVs (p. 76)
• 3.6 LB Films of Liquid Crystals (p. 80)
• 3.7 STM and AFM Studies of Diverse Molecules on Solids (p. 83)
• 3.7.1 Studies of Diverse Small Molecules (p. 83)
• 3.7.2 Surfactant Molecules Studies by AFM (p. 83)
• 3.7.3 C60 Monolayers (p. 84)
• 3.7.4 Preparation of C60 Deposits for Electrochemical Studies (p. 87)
• 3.7.5 Voltammetry of Solid C60 Mechanically Attached to a Graphite Electrode (p. 88)
• 3.7.6 Benzene and Phenyl Radicals on Metal Surfaces (p. 91)
• 3.7.7 Other Diverse Systems (p. 92)
• 3.8 STM Studies on the Effect of Functional Group (p. 92)
• Chapter 4 Biopolymers and Synthetic Polymers Structures by STM and AFM (p. 95)
• 4.1 DNA Structures by STM and AFM (p. 95)
• 4.2 SPM Studies of Three-Dimensional Protein Structures (p. 98)
• 4.2.1 Catalase (p. 99)
• 4.2.2 Other Protein Molecules (p. 99)
• 4.2.3 Pectin AFM Analyses (p. 100)
• 4.3 Protein Adsorption Studies by AFM (p. 100)
• 4.4 Biological Macromolecular Structures (p. 101)
• 4.4.1 Studies of Virus and Cell Structures by SPMs (p. 102)
• 4.5 Synthetic Polymers Studies by SPMs (p. 102)
• 4.5.1 Dextran Molecule (p. 104)
• 4.5.2 Single Macromolecule Adsorption Studies (p. 105)
• 4.5.3 Latex Particle Analyses by AFM (p. 113)
• 4.5.4 Other Diverse Polymers (p. 113)
• 4.5.5 Diverse Properties of Synthetic Polymers (p. 115)
• 4.5.5.1 Determination of Thickness of Spin-Cast Polymer Thin Films (p. 115)
• 4.5.5.2 AFM Tip-Scratch Method (p. 118)
• 4.5.6 Polymerization in Monolayers as LB Films (p. 119)
• 4.5.7 Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy (p. 122)
• 4.5.8 Mechanical Deformation Studies by AFM of Synthetic Polymers (p. 126)
• 4.5.8.1 The Detachment of a Polymer Chain from a Weakly Adsorbing Surface Using an AFM Tip (p. 126)
• 4.5.9 AFM Studies of Polymers by Force Modulation Methods (p. 131)
• 4.6 Mixed Monolayers of Macromolecules and Lipids (p. 133)
• 4.6.1 Hemoglobin Molecular Morphology by AFM (p. 133)
• 4.6.2 POE + SDS (p. 135)
• 4.6.3 Mixed SDS + Gelatin on HOPG (p. 135)
• 4.7 Diverse Macromolecular Properties as Studied by SPMs (p. 136)
• 4.7.1 Electron Transfer (ET) Studies by AFM (p. 136)
• 4.7.2 Other Diverse Macromolecules (p. 144)
• 4.7.2.1 Xanthan (p. 144)
• 4.7.2.2 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) (p. 145)
• 4.7.2.3 Gramicidin and Other Ionophores (p. 146)
• 4.7.2.4 Mixed Monolayers of Virus Cell or Fusion Peptide Cell (p. 148)
• 4.8 Monolayers of Synthetic Polyamino Acids (p. 151)
• 4.9 Biopolymer SAM Structures at Interfaces by STM and AFM (p. 155)
• 4.9.1 Determination of the Surface Potential of Crystals of Biopolymers by AFM (p. 161)
• 4.9.2 Molecular Recognition of Biomolecules by AFM (p. 167)
• 4.9.3 Applications of Transverse Dynamic Force Microscopy (TDFM) and AFM to Membranes Microscopy (p. 168)
• Chapter 5 Crystal Structures by STM and AFM (p. 179)
• 5.1 Crystal Structures of Small Molecules (p. 179)
• 5.1.1 Morphology of Crystals of Different Amino Acids by AFM Studies (p. 181)
• 5.2 Surface Adsorption Studies by SPMs (p. 183)
• 5.2.1 Studies of Chiral Compounds by AFM (p. 187)
• 5.3 Macromolecule Crystals by STM and AFM (p. 188)
• 5.3.1 Crystallization and AFM Investigation of a Polymer Structure (p. 189)
• Chapter 6 Studies of Solid Surfaces by SPMs (p. 199)
• 6.1 Wetting Properties of Solid Surfaces (p. 199)
• 6.2 AFM Analyses of Surface Acid-Base Properties (p. 205)
• 6.3 Measurement of Attractive and Repulsive Forces by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) (p. 207)
• Chapter 7 Diverse Applications of SPMs (STM and AFM, etc.) and Nanotechnology (p. 213)
• 7.1 STM and AFM in Organic Chemistry (p. 215)
• 7.1.1 Imaging Liquid Crystals by SPMs (p. 219)
• 7.1.2 Tunneling Mechanism through Organic Materials (p. 220)
• 7.1.2.1 Conducting Probe Atomic Force Microscopy (CP AFM) (p. 220)
• 7.2 Semiconductor Study by SPM (p. 222)
• 7.2.1 Composite Materials Investigations by SPMs (p. 223)
• 7.3 STM and AFM in Inorganic Chemistry (p. 228)
• 7.3.1 Corrosion Phenomena Studies by SPMs (p. 228)
• 7.3.2 Diverse Systems (p. 229)
• 7.3.3 Silica Particle Size and Shape Analyses (p. 230)
• 7.4 Nanolithography and Nanomachining (p. 236)
• 7.4.1 Atomic Switch (Nanoscale) by STM (p. 238)
• 7.4.2 Solid Surface Manipulation at Molecular Scale (p. 238)
• 7.5 Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses at Nanoscale (p. 239)
• 7.6 Application of SPMs under Dynamic Conditions (p. 240)
• 7.6.1 STM Studies of Adsorption of Gas on Solid Surfaces (p. 240)
• 7.7 Application of AFM to Immunodiagnostic Systems (p. 240)
• 7.8 Applications of STM and AFM in Industry (p. 246)
• 7.8.1 Domain Images by Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM) (p. 250)
• 7.8.2 Glassy Carbon (GC) Electrodes (p. 252)
• 7.8.3 Blister Formation (p. 257)
• 7.9 SPM Studies of Nanoscale Reactors (p. 257)
• 7.9.1 Self-Assembled Monolayer Structure (p. 262)
• 7.9.2 In Situ AFM Imaging of SAMs during Hydrolysis (p. 265)
• 7.10 Nanoscale Evaluation of Surface Roughness by SPMs (p. 267)
• 7.11 Application of STM and AFM in Pollution Control (p. 268)
• 7.12 Friction Force Microscope (FFM) (p. 270)
• 7.13 Time-Resolved Analyses by STM (p. 277)
• References (p. 279)
• Index (p. 305)

Author notes provided by Syndetics